Baccarat Stamp – In the first part of a new series in which Christie’s professionals reveal how they value works of art and objects, Giles Forster shares his checklist for this stunning Baccarat chandelier from around 1890
French Ormolo chandelier and 24 light cut glass chandelier, from Baccarat, Paris, approx. 1890. Height 60 in. (152.5 cm); Diameter 33 inches (84 cm). Estimate: £30,000-50,000, on view at The Collector: Furniture, Sculptures and 19th Century Silver and Art on 23 May at Christie’s London
Baccarat Stamp
“Baccarat is the best-known name in glassmaking, and the only one of the great 19th-century glassmakers still in business today,” explains Giles Forster, head of 19th-century furniture and sculpture at Christie’s in London.
Set Of 4 Baccarat Cut Crystal Glasses
In 1764, King Louis XV of France gave permission to establish a glass factory in Baccarat. By the 19th century it had become the Compagnie des Cristalleries de Baccarat, which produced objects that were and still are synonymous with luxury.
A drawing of a chandelier by Baccarat (c. 1880) linked to the one shown above © Baccarat, archives de la Manufacture
In the mid-19th century, Baccarat discovered that adding nickel oxide to the manufacturing process resulted in a product that was crystal clear, free of discoloration, and mimicked gem crystal. Baccarat glass is styled “crystalline glass” and is, says Forster, “highly prized, not only for its extraordinary clarity, but also for its great hardness and weight.” The term “crystal” can only be applied to glass containing at least 24 percent lead oxide.
The bulk of Baccarat’s output in the 19th century was dinnerware, perfume bottles, paperweights and decorative objects. The chandeliers were among the most expensive works of art created by Baccarat – often produced for display or commissioned only for the wealthiest clients, such as the Czars of Russia, the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul and Indian Maharajahs.
Baccarat Set Of Twenty Bourgogne Glasses With Balloon M…
Baccarat chandeliers are still made today, and are particularly prized, with the best examples dating back to the late 19th century, when Baccarat combined “crystal glass” with gilded bronze – or “ormolu” as it is known – sculptural fittings.
The ormolo-mounted cherubs on this chandelier indicate that it is one of the most sought after 19th century examples of Baccarat. French Ormolo chandelier and glass 24 light chandeliers, from Baccarat, Paris, approx. 1890. Height 60 in. (152.5 cm); Diameter 33 inches (84 cm). Estimate: £30,000-50,000. Exhibited at The Collector: 19th Century Silver and Art Furniture, Sculptures and Art on 23 May 2019 at Christie’s in London
The best and most popular Baccarat chandeliers from this period have figures carved in gilt bronze or ormolo, such as the cherubs with candle branches in the example shown above.
To create such elaborate and valuable works of art, Baccarat collaborated with sculptors such as François-Hippolyte Moreau (1832-1927) and Ormolu bronze foundries such as Thibaut Frères. The combination of baccarat glass with gilt bronze makes this chandelier even more desirable than the plain glass example, and much rarer.
Baccarat. Set Of Six Colored Crystal Glasses. Stamped On…
“I always look at the quality of the casting of Ormolu fittings,” explains Forster. “It has to be cast in pieces that are put together before gilding and surface treatment, so I look for traces of joins visible under the gilding between the arms and torsos of the figures.”
Forster also looks for “the quality of the fine details—how the surface is treated, or chased, as it’s called, after the casting process.” This is evident in how the faces and hands are finished, as the hand numbers must be clear and the faces must be animated and lifelike with defined features.
With chandeliers, it is inevitable that some glass drops and pendants will be lost, replaced or moved, as the chains and drops must be removed and rehung each time they are moved.
“I look to make sure most of the glass is original,” says the specialist. “Baccarat glass is blown and drawn by hand with great skill, this can be seen especially in the slight variation in the size of the drop pendants.
Baccarat Crystal Vase Vintage
The job of a glass cutter is just as skilled as a glass blower. “The crystal is sculpted like a statue of finely varying depths by mounting the glass on a diamond-studded sandstone or rotating wheel,” explains Forster.
“With Baccarat, I look at the weight of the glass,” explains Forster. “It should feel heavy in the hand, with a rock crystal-like color that gives a slight black refraction when you look at it.” The black color and exquisite cut of the Baccarat glass diffuses the light in a particularly attractive way, giving a diamond-like sparkle.
Forster also looks for marks, stamps and signatures to determine their authenticity and make an accurate dating assessment. “You’ll often see a white etched mark on Baccarat glassware. On chandeliers, it’s often made into raised molded capitals on drip trays,” he says. For gilt bronze, the Baccarat stamp shows a flask between a wine glass and a goblet (shown below).
The gilt bronze at the base of the solid ball – or point – on the underside of the chandelier is signed with a Baccarat sign showing a bottle between a wine glass and a glass.
What The Expert Looks For… No.1 — Baccarat Chandeliers
This Baccarat chandelier is on display in The Collector: Silver Furniture, Sculpture and Artworks from the 19th Century on 23 May at Christie’s London. Estimate: £30,000-50,000 Enter the world of online Baccarat and discover one of the biggest hits or real money games, Live Baccarat from Evolution Gaming.
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Baccarat Cat Figurine
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Material: Baccarat Crystal, 800 Silver Stopper, Mark: Co…
At the heart of Baccarat is a straightforward and profound goal: to bet on the hand closest to 9 points.
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Etching Reads
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Baccarat Part Of Service With Whiskey Out Of Cut Crystal …
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Baccarat France Vase
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Sold At Auction: Baccarat Crystal Seashell
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