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Bowling, in cricket, is the act of propelling the ball towards the wicket defended by the batter. A skilled player in bowling is called a bowler;
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The bowler who bowls the match is called the winner of the round. Bowling ball is distinguished from throwing the ball by a strictly defined biomechanical definition, which limits the angle of extension of the elbow.
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The single action of bowling to the batsman is called the ball or delivery. Bowlers bowl in a series of six, called overs. When the bowler has finished, his teammates bowl from another part of the field.
If the ball is bowled too wide of the striker for the batsman to be able to play it with a proper cricket shot, the bowler’s umpire will rule it wide.
There are different types of bowling, from fast bowlers, the main weapon is pace, swing and seam bowlers, who try to make the ball pass through the air or make it bounce.
For slower bowlers, they try to deceive the batter with different flight and spin. A spin bowler usually delivers the ball slowly and puts spin on it, causing it to spin at an angle as it bounces off the pitch.
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A team may be said to have elected to “bowl” by winning the coin toss and electing to field.
In the early days of cricket, only underarm bowling was used. There are many theories about the origin of cricket. One suggests that the shepherds beat a stone or a ball of wool with their pitchforks, and in At the same time, the game of breaking the gate into the sheep began (from the Anglo-Saxon club, staff that lies). The second theory suggests that the name comes from the low stool called ‘cricket’ in the gland, which from the side looks like the low wicket used in the early days of the game (originally Flemish ‘crickstoll’, stool. where the parishioners kneel in the lower church). There is a reference to ‘cricket’ in northeastern France in 1478, and there is evidence that the game developed in the southeastern continent during the Middle Ages.
In 1706, William Goldwyn published the first description of the game. He wrote that the two teams would first take their bats to the exhibition, choose a field and argue about the rules to play. He took two sets of sticks, each with “white milk” on the two tips; A coin was tossed for the first knock, the umpire called “Play” and the “Leather Orb” was bowled. They have four balls, umpires lean on their sticks (batters must touch it to complete the run), and scorers have made notches on the mound.
The first “laws of cricket” were created in 1744. He said, “Jitlem Perst, the leader of the two referees will decide all disputes, the stem will be 22 inches high and they must have a 6 inch guarantee, the ball will be between 5 and 6 ounces and the two stems of the stem. 22 meters apart.” There are no restrictions on the shape or size of the bat. It seems that 40 notches was considered a very big score, probably because the bowler was running fast on the shins without the protection of the pads. The world’s first cricket club was founded in Hambledon in the 1760s and the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC) founded in 1787.
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In the 1760s and 1770s it became common to throw the ball through the air instead of rolling along the ground. This innovation allows the bowler to eljit, cheat through the air, as well as increase speed. This opened up new possibilities for spin and swerve. In response, batters must master the timing and shot selection. One immediate effect was the replacement of the curving bat with the straight bat. All this has increased the popularity of the skill and reduced the effects of rough terrain and animal power. The modern game began to take shape in the 1770s. The weight of the ball is between five and a half and five and three quarter ounces and the width of the bat is limited to four inches. The final decision followed the innings of a batsman named Thomas “Daddy” White, who appeared with the bat wide of the wicket. In 1774, the first leg of the law was published. At this time, the third stump became normal. In 1780, the duration of the first cricket match was usually three days and this year saw the creation of the first six-seam cricket ball. In 1788, the MCC published its first amended law, which prohibited the charging of partisans and also provided for mowing and covering to meet the standards. The desire for standardization reflects the growing popularity of cricket during the 18th century. Between 1730 and 1740, 150 cricket matches were recorded in newspapers at that time. Between 1750 and 1760, this number increased to 230, and between 1770 and 1790, more than 500.
The 19th century saw significant changes. Broad balls were banned in 1811. The circumference of the ball was first specified in 1838 (its weight was determined 60 years earlier). Pads made of cork were first available in 1841 and were further developed after the invention of vulcanized rubber, which was used to introduce protective gloves in 1848. In the 1870s, boundaries were introduced – previously, all hits had to run; If the ball goes into the crowd, the crowd clears the way for the fielder to take it. However, the biggest change is the way the ball is delivered by the bowler.
At the start of the match, all bowlers still deliver the ball under the arm. However, as the story goes, John Willes became the first bowler to use the “underarm” technique after practicing with his sister Christina, who couldn’t bowl underarm because her baggies hampered her delivery. of the ball
The round arm action is widely used in the match but is ruled illegal and banned by the MCC, who “must deliver the ball with the hand, not throw or jerk, while the hand is below the elbow, delivering the ball”.
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According to accepted rules, the arms cannot be raised above the shoulders. However, it was quickly discovered that the raised arm provided more accuracy and bounce than the roundarm method. Again, the commission banned the method. It was not until 1835 that the method was finally adopted by the MCC
It is rapidly increasing in popularity among all players. Underarm bowling has almost disappeared from the game until recently.
During the 1981 tournament, the famous “underarm bowling incident” occurred where Australian bowler Trevor Chappell took advantage of the fact that underarm bowling was still legal by rolling the ball along the ground. By doing so, he avoided New Zealander Brian McKechnie’s last ball to make contact, as the bat could not hit the ball high enough to score a six.
As a result of the incident, underarm bowling is prohibited in all classes of cricket, except by prior agreement of both teams, because it is considered not in the spirit of the game.
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Originally, this definition stated that the elbow should not be straightened during the bowling action. Bowlers hold their elbows fully extended and rotate the arm perpendicular to the shoulder joint to accelerate the ball, leaving it at the top of the arc. Bending at the elbow is not allowed, but any extension of the elbow is considered a throw and is called a no ball. This is thought to be possible only if the bowler’s elbow is held in a slightly bent position.
In 2005, this interpretation was deemed physically impossible by the Commission. Scientific investigation. Biological studies have shown that almost all bowlers extend their elbows slightly throughout the action of bowling, as the stress of swinging the arm hyperextens the elbow joint. Guidelines have been introduced to allow extensions or hyperextensions of up to 15 degrees before the ball is considered an illegal throw.
Bowling action is generally divided into side and front in action. In the side action, the back foot is parallel to the crease of the bowler and the bowler aims for the wicket by looking up.
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